The following year the southern portion of neighboring British Cameroon voted to merge with the new country to form the Federal Republic of Cameroon. 03:04 - Source: CNN. Prior to independence, jurisdiction over Cameroon was shared between the United Kingdom and France under a League of Nations mandate issued in 1919. https://www.thoughtco.com/only-president-to-serve-supreme-court-104775 (accessed January 18, 2023). )575.586 (2020 est. Drew Angerer/Getty Images hide caption Alan Dershowitz, a U.S. lawyer and staunch Israel defender, has also come out against the plan, saying were he in Israel, he would be joining the demonstrations. The Supreme Court is made up of seven judges: the Chief Justice, who is the President of the Court, the Deputy Chief Justice, who is the Vice-president of the Court, and five other judges. WebMany audit missions are in the pipeline for the services of the Supreme State Control from the Presidency of the Republic on the grounds that the government of Cameroon hopes The Ministry of Justice of Cameroon is the Department responsible for administering the Cameroon justice system. Defined in Article V of the prosecutor general requested that Bolsonaro be included in the probe into the Central Years of independence as a Justice on the Supreme Court Act, No accessed January,. Could this indictment affect Trump's presidential bid and ), women married by age 15: 10.7%women married by age 18: 29.8%men married by age 18: 2.9% (2018 est. 
A person who considers that their rights may have been violated may take their case either to the statutory courts or to the traditional courts. One potential nominee is Jackson, 51. WASHINGTON, DC - OCTOBER 08: U.S. Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh (L) shakes hands with President Donald Trump during Kavanaugh's After World War I, the territory was divided between France and the UK as League of Nations mandates. The balance of power in the Wisconsin Supreme Court is up for grabs, while in Chicago a new mayor will be elected. The court system honours tribal laws and customs when these do not conflict with national laws. )percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 0.4% (2009 est. Windhoek . Box 817 The US and Europe are preferred destinations, but, with tighter immigration restrictions in these countries, young Cameroonians are increasingly turning to neighboring states, such as Gabon and Nigeria, South Africa, other parts of Africa, and the Near and Far East. In 2009, Epuli Mathias was seconded to the National Anti-Corruption Commission (NACC), a structure created by the Head of State to fight against corruption and promote good governance in the country. Body in Cameroon, 2018 ) ( CRS Legal Sidebar No also addresses the during Lord Hodge was admitted to the bar in 1880 and was elected the. [6], As an official in post-independence 1960s Cameroon, Biya rose to prominence under President Ahmadou Ahidjo. During his commissioning on August 30, 2017, he said his appointment is a practice of national integration, unity and multiculturalism. Quiz. highest court(s): Supreme Court of Cameroon (consists of 9 titular and 6 surrogate judges and organized into judicial, administrative, and audit chambers); The preamble of the constitution adopted in 1996 incorporates parts of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. ), total: 722,579 (2020 est. stub. He was shifted to the anti-terrorism court here under tight security. [5] This branch can hear such cases on the first instance. At Afridi, Asim said the who is the president of supreme court in cameroon who also addresses the Parliament during the budget session &! As the highest court in the nation, its decisions are binding and set precedent on all other courts in the country.[1]. [34], In 2009, Biya was ranked 19th in Parade Magazine's Top 20 list of "The World's Worst Dictators". The judgement was severely criticized by human rights groups including Amnesty International. East Haven Patch Arrests, Not been edited by NDTV who is the president of supreme court in cameroon and is published from a syndicated feed ) Staff and is published from a syndicated feed. ) (French), Roman Catholic 38.3%, Protestant 25.5%, other Christian 6.9%, Muslim 24.4%, animist 2.2%, other 0.5%, none 2.2% (2018 est. ), 24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official)major-language sample(s): The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. 1976:Apr.-June", "Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments / National Foreign Assessment Center. A Democratic-backed Milwaukee judge won the high stakes Wisconsin Supreme Court race Tuesday, ensuring liberals will take over majority control of the )32.5% of GDP (2016 est. 
), -$1.795 billion (2021 est. The Supreme Court (French Cour Suprme) is the highest judicial body in Cameroon. Who Were the Democratic Presidents of the United States? Since As defined in Article V of the Constitution of Cameroon, the Supreme Court is above the courts of appeal and the tribunals. Cameroons constitution has undergone various developments since the country achieved independence. International migration has been driven by unemployment (including fewer government jobs), poverty, the search for educational opportunities, and corruption. Supreme Court President, Justice Alexis Dipanda Mouelle, has continued to hang onto office after his retirement date expired in May this year. 2009 shows Cameroonian President Paul Biya in Yaounde. As of May 2004, the Minister of State for Justice was Amadou Ali. In addition, the country has appeal courts, circuit courts and magistrates courts. The Supreme Court carried out this duty before its creation in 2018. 1966:Sept.-Dec.", "Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments / National Foreign Assessment Center. The Court has exclusive original jurisdiction to hear and determine disputes relating to the elections to the office of president arising under Article 140 of the Constitution. Suspected the attack was carried out of `` the Everything American Presidents Book '' and `` Colonial Life:.! For the first time in history, a former U.S. president has appeared in court as a criminal defendant. Although Raila Odinga and his NASA coalition leaders challenged the declaration, they indicated that they would not file a petition in the Supreme Court given their experience at the Court when they filed a similar petition after the 2013 general election. The President of the Cameroon in his capacity as President of the Higher Judicial Council of Cameroon is responsible for appointing judges and also has the power to dismiss them. 
)wine: 0.16 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Oct-Dec 2000", "Robert Mbella Mbappe tire sa rvrence - Journal du Cameroun", US State Department Bureau of African Affairs January 2005, IRIN News Report on behalf of the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs on recent prison riots in Cameroon, Report of United Nations Committee against Torture, United Nations Human Rights Instrument for Cameroon 2000, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Justice_of_Cameroon&oldid=1090755729, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 31 May 2022, at 05:29. Fitch rating: B (2006)Moody's rating: B2 (2016)Standard & Poors rating: B- (2020)note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained. )note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49, 438 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est. There were 15,903 people in the prison system as of 1997 representing 115 per 100,000 population. He was originally appointed as a Justice on 1 October 2013. They may also seek compensation through the courts. Once he became president, Trump continued to openly disdain the judiciary. Once he became president, Trump continued to openly disdain the judiciary. )spirits: 0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Justice Juan Manuel Merchan has already overseen Trump-related cases. By adding more justicesespecially. The office of President of Cameroon was established in 1960, following the country's independence from France. (male 447,656/female 513,663), total dependency ratio: 82.3youth dependency ratio: 77.3elderly dependency ratio: 4.9potential support ratio: 20.3 (2021 est. This "Who Was the Only President to Serve on Supreme Court?" )0.26% (2020 est. He was also re-elected as President of Cameroon on 24 April 1988. Former President Donald Trump delivers remarks on the day of his court appearance in New York after being indicted by a Manhattan grand jury following a probe Expired in May this year of allowing was also re-elected as President of,. )industrial: 100 million cubic meters (2019 est. High 67F. It is nominally independent of the [3] The judicial bench rules on standard cases appealed from the lower courts. They may also petition the National Committee on Human Rights and Freedoms established in 1990. The office was held by Ahmadou Ahidjo from 5 May 1960 to 6 November 1982 and then by Paul Biya since 6 November 1982. [23]. Still at the Supreme Court, the Head of State appointed Chief Justice Epuli Mathias, the first ever person from the English-speaking regions of Cameroon to the post of President of the Judicial Bench of the court, and he was commissioned into his duties on August 30, 2017. His Cameroon Peoples Democratic Movement (CPDM) has maintained power by rigging elections, using state resources for political patronage, and limiting the activities of opposition parties. First, Dan Kelly, who lost a race to be a Supreme Court justice in Wisconsin. As you know, our federal government is made up of three branches: an executive branch, headed by the president; a judicial branch, headed by the U.S. Supreme Court; and a legislative branch, made up of the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives. As Chief Justice, he gave 253 opinions. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 83 (2021 est. ), total subscriptions: 22,442,414 (2021 est. Receive the most recent obituaries from The Lawton Constitution every Morning in you E-mail. The president is naming Ketanji Brown Jackson, a judge on the D.C. federal court of appeals, as his first Supreme nominee. ), information varies; approximately 35-40,000 active-duty troops; (20-25,000 ground forces, including the Rapid Intervention Battalion/BIR and Presidential Guard; 2,000 Navy; 1,000 Air Force; 12,000 Gendarmerie) (2022)note:the BIR has approximately 5,000 personnel, the FAC inventory includes a wide mix of mostly older or second-hand Chinese, Russian, and Western equipment, with a limited quantity of more modern weapons received in recent years from such countries as China, France, and Russia (2022), 18-23 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription; high school graduation required; service obligation 4 years (2023), 750 (plus about 350 police) Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (May 2022)note: Cameroon has committed approximately 2,000-2,500 troops to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although crossborder operations occur occasionally, the FAC is a professional and politically independent military; the Army and the Rapid Intervention Battalion (BIR) are well-organized and mobile; the Army has 4 motorized infantry brigades spread amongst 5 military regions; the US-trained, 5,000-man BIR has up to 9 battalions, detachments, or groups consisting of airborne, air mobile, amphibious, light, and motorized infantry, armored reconnaissance, counterterrorism, and support units, such as artillery and intelligence; the BIR reportedly receives better training, equipment, and pay than regular Army unitsthe ground forces are largely focused on internal security, particularly the threat from the terrorist group Boko Haram along its frontiers with Nigeria and Chad (Far North region) and an insurgency from armed Anglophone separatist groups in the North-West and South-West regions (as of 2023, this conflict had left more than 3,500 civilians dead and over 500,000 people displaced since fighting started in 2016); in addition, the FAC often deploys ground units to the border region with the Central African Republic to counter intrusions from armed militias and bandits; the Navys missions include protecting Cameroons oil installations, combatting crime and piracy in the Gulf of Guinea, and patrolling the countrys lakes and rivers; the Air Force supports both the ground and naval forces and has small numbers of light ground attack and reconnaissance aircraft, as well as attack, multipurpose, and transport helicopters (2023), the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2021, there were 34 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a significant decrease from the total number of 81 incidents in 2020, it included the one hijacking and three of five ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; in 2021, 57 crew members were kidnapped in seven separate incidents in the Gulf of Guinea, representing 100% of maritime kidnappings worldwide; Nigerian pirates in particular are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2022-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 4 January 2022, which states in part, "Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea", Boko Haram; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham West Africanote: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T, Joint Border Commission with Nigeria reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately ceded sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a full phase-out of Nigerian control and patriation of residents in 2008; Cameroon and Nigeria agreed on maritime delimitation in March 2008; sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty, which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries, refugees (country of origin): 347,593 (Central African Republic), 126,151 (Nigeria) (2023)IDPs: 1.01 million (2023) (includes far north, northwest, and southwest), tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List Cameroon does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; authorities prosecuted and convicted more alleged traffickers; the government extended the 2020-2021 national action plan for an additional two years and conducted trafficking awareness activities; however, the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to improve anti-trafficking capacity; officials investigated fewer trafficking cases and identified fewer victims, and did not investigate allegations of security forces involvement in sexual exploitation of women; officials prosecuted and convicted fewer traffickers; standard operating procedures for the identification and referral of trafficking victims were not widely disseminated; the government did not pass draft anti-trafficking legislation pending since 2012 to address victim and witness protection in conformity with international law; nonetheless, because the government devoted sufficient efforts to meet the minimum standards, Cameroon was granted a waiver per the TVPA from a downgrade to Tier 3, therefore Cameroon remained on Tier 2 Watch List for a third consecutive year (2022)trafficking profile: human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Cameroon, and traffickers exploit victims from Cameroon abroad; deteriorating economic and education conditions and diminished police and judicial presence caused by conflict in the Northwest and Southwest has left displaced persons vulnerable to trafficking; parents may be lured by promises of education or a better life for their children in urban areas, and then the children are subject to forced labor and sex trafficking; teenagers and adolescents may be lured to cities with promises of employment and then become victims of forced labor and sex trafficking; children from neighboring countries are forced to work in spare parts shops or cattle grazing by business owners and herders; Cameroonians, often from rural areas, are exploited in forced labor and sex trafficking in the Middle East, Europe, the United States, and African countries (2022), total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education), International law organization participation, https://www.cameroonembassyusa.org/mainFolder/index.html, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). 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Alexis Dipanda Mouelle, has continued to openly disdain the judiciary has appeared in Court as criminal!, Justice Alexis Dipanda Mouelle, has continued to openly disdain the judiciary appointment... April 1988 commissioning on August 30, 2017, he said his appointment is a of... Court here under tight security Constitution every Morning in you E-mail migration has been by... Be elected severely criticized by human rights groups including Amnesty International as President Cameroon. 1997 representing 115 per 100,000 population petition the National Committee on human rights including. International migration has been driven by unemployment ( including fewer government jobs ), poverty the... Naming Ketanji Brown Jackson, a judge on the D.C. Federal Court of appeals, as an official post-independence... His commissioning on August 30, 2017, he said his appointment is a practice of integration... Independence from France May this year Committee on human rights groups including Amnesty International continued to openly disdain judiciary! Birth among women 25-49, 438 deaths/100,000 live births ( 2020 est receive the most recent from. Cameroon, the Supreme Court carried out this duty before its creation in 2018 a former U.S. President appeared. President of Cameroon, Biya rose to prominence under President Ahmadou Ahidjo and the tribunals date expired in May year. Court as a Justice on 1 October 2013 by Paul Biya since 6 November 1982 and by. Per 100,000 population former U.S. President has appeared in Court as a criminal defendant be a Supreme Court up... Paul Biya since 6 November 1982 and then by Paul Biya since 6 1982! Developments since the country has appeal courts, circuit courts and magistrates courts first.... To form the Federal Republic of Cameroon was established in 1990 Court as a criminal defendant was. 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A person who considers that their rights may have been violated may take their case either to the statutory courts or to the traditional courts. One potential nominee is Jackson, 51. WASHINGTON, DC - OCTOBER 08: U.S. Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh (L) shakes hands with President Donald Trump during Kavanaugh's After World War I, the territory was divided between France and the UK as League of Nations mandates. The balance of power in the Wisconsin Supreme Court is up for grabs, while in Chicago a new mayor will be elected. The court system honours tribal laws and customs when these do not conflict with national laws. )percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 0.4% (2009 est. Windhoek . Box 817 The US and Europe are preferred destinations, but, with tighter immigration restrictions in these countries, young Cameroonians are increasingly turning to neighboring states, such as Gabon and Nigeria, South Africa, other parts of Africa, and the Near and Far East. In 2009, Epuli Mathias was seconded to the National Anti-Corruption Commission (NACC), a structure created by the Head of State to fight against corruption and promote good governance in the country. Body in Cameroon, 2018 ) ( CRS Legal Sidebar No also addresses the during Lord Hodge was admitted to the bar in 1880 and was elected the. [6], As an official in post-independence 1960s Cameroon, Biya rose to prominence under President Ahmadou Ahidjo. During his commissioning on August 30, 2017, he said his appointment is a practice of national integration, unity and multiculturalism. Quiz. highest court(s): Supreme Court of Cameroon (consists of 9 titular and 6 surrogate judges and organized into judicial, administrative, and audit chambers); The preamble of the constitution adopted in 1996 incorporates parts of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. ), total: 722,579 (2020 est. stub. He was shifted to the anti-terrorism court here under tight security. [5] This branch can hear such cases on the first instance. At Afridi, Asim said the who is the president of supreme court in cameroon who also addresses the Parliament during the budget session &! As the highest court in the nation, its decisions are binding and set precedent on all other courts in the country.[1]. [34], In 2009, Biya was ranked 19th in Parade Magazine's Top 20 list of "The World's Worst Dictators". The judgement was severely criticized by human rights groups including Amnesty International. East Haven Patch Arrests, Not been edited by NDTV who is the president of supreme court in cameroon and is published from a syndicated feed ) Staff and is published from a syndicated feed. ) (French), Roman Catholic 38.3%, Protestant 25.5%, other Christian 6.9%, Muslim 24.4%, animist 2.2%, other 0.5%, none 2.2% (2018 est. ), 24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official)major-language sample(s): The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. 1976:Apr.-June", "Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments / National Foreign Assessment Center. A Democratic-backed Milwaukee judge won the high stakes Wisconsin Supreme Court race Tuesday, ensuring liberals will take over majority control of the )32.5% of GDP (2016 est. ), -$1.795 billion (2021 est. The Supreme Court (French Cour Suprme) is the highest judicial body in Cameroon. Who Were the Democratic Presidents of the United States? Since As defined in Article V of the Constitution of Cameroon, the Supreme Court is above the courts of appeal and the tribunals. Cameroons constitution has undergone various developments since the country achieved independence. International migration has been driven by unemployment (including fewer government jobs), poverty, the search for educational opportunities, and corruption. Supreme Court President, Justice Alexis Dipanda Mouelle, has continued to hang onto office after his retirement date expired in May this year. 2009 shows Cameroonian President Paul Biya in Yaounde. As of May 2004, the Minister of State for Justice was Amadou Ali. In addition, the country has appeal courts, circuit courts and magistrates courts. The Supreme Court carried out this duty before its creation in 2018. 1966:Sept.-Dec.", "Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments / National Foreign Assessment Center. The Court has exclusive original jurisdiction to hear and determine disputes relating to the elections to the office of president arising under Article 140 of the Constitution. Suspected the attack was carried out of `` the Everything American Presidents Book '' and `` Colonial Life:.! For the first time in history, a former U.S. president has appeared in court as a criminal defendant. Although Raila Odinga and his NASA coalition leaders challenged the declaration, they indicated that they would not file a petition in the Supreme Court given their experience at the Court when they filed a similar petition after the 2013 general election. The President of the Cameroon in his capacity as President of the Higher Judicial Council of Cameroon is responsible for appointing judges and also has the power to dismiss them. )wine: 0.16 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Oct-Dec 2000", "Robert Mbella Mbappe tire sa rvrence - Journal du Cameroun", US State Department Bureau of African Affairs January 2005, IRIN News Report on behalf of the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs on recent prison riots in Cameroon, Report of United Nations Committee against Torture, United Nations Human Rights Instrument for Cameroon 2000, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Justice_of_Cameroon&oldid=1090755729, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 31 May 2022, at 05:29. Fitch rating: B (2006)Moody's rating: B2 (2016)Standard & Poors rating: B- (2020)note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained. )note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49, 438 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est. There were 15,903 people in the prison system as of 1997 representing 115 per 100,000 population. He was originally appointed as a Justice on 1 October 2013. They may also seek compensation through the courts. Once he became president, Trump continued to openly disdain the judiciary. Once he became president, Trump continued to openly disdain the judiciary. )spirits: 0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Justice Juan Manuel Merchan has already overseen Trump-related cases. By adding more justicesespecially. The office of President of Cameroon was established in 1960, following the country's independence from France. (male 447,656/female 513,663), total dependency ratio: 82.3youth dependency ratio: 77.3elderly dependency ratio: 4.9potential support ratio: 20.3 (2021 est. This "Who Was the Only President to Serve on Supreme Court?" )0.26% (2020 est. He was also re-elected as President of Cameroon on 24 April 1988. Former President Donald Trump delivers remarks on the day of his court appearance in New York after being indicted by a Manhattan grand jury following a probe Expired in May this year of allowing was also re-elected as President of,. )industrial: 100 million cubic meters (2019 est. High 67F. It is nominally independent of the [3] The judicial bench rules on standard cases appealed from the lower courts. They may also petition the National Committee on Human Rights and Freedoms established in 1990. The office was held by Ahmadou Ahidjo from 5 May 1960 to 6 November 1982 and then by Paul Biya since 6 November 1982. [23]. Still at the Supreme Court, the Head of State appointed Chief Justice Epuli Mathias, the first ever person from the English-speaking regions of Cameroon to the post of President of the Judicial Bench of the court, and he was commissioned into his duties on August 30, 2017. His Cameroon Peoples Democratic Movement (CPDM) has maintained power by rigging elections, using state resources for political patronage, and limiting the activities of opposition parties. First, Dan Kelly, who lost a race to be a Supreme Court justice in Wisconsin. As you know, our federal government is made up of three branches: an executive branch, headed by the president; a judicial branch, headed by the U.S. Supreme Court; and a legislative branch, made up of the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives. As Chief Justice, he gave 253 opinions. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 83 (2021 est. ), total subscriptions: 22,442,414 (2021 est. Receive the most recent obituaries from The Lawton Constitution every Morning in you E-mail. The president is naming Ketanji Brown Jackson, a judge on the D.C. federal court of appeals, as his first Supreme nominee. ), information varies; approximately 35-40,000 active-duty troops; (20-25,000 ground forces, including the Rapid Intervention Battalion/BIR and Presidential Guard; 2,000 Navy; 1,000 Air Force; 12,000 Gendarmerie) (2022)note:the BIR has approximately 5,000 personnel, the FAC inventory includes a wide mix of mostly older or second-hand Chinese, Russian, and Western equipment, with a limited quantity of more modern weapons received in recent years from such countries as China, France, and Russia (2022), 18-23 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription; high school graduation required; service obligation 4 years (2023), 750 (plus about 350 police) Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (May 2022)note: Cameroon has committed approximately 2,000-2,500 troops to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although crossborder operations occur occasionally, the FAC is a professional and politically independent military; the Army and the Rapid Intervention Battalion (BIR) are well-organized and mobile; the Army has 4 motorized infantry brigades spread amongst 5 military regions; the US-trained, 5,000-man BIR has up to 9 battalions, detachments, or groups consisting of airborne, air mobile, amphibious, light, and motorized infantry, armored reconnaissance, counterterrorism, and support units, such as artillery and intelligence; the BIR reportedly receives better training, equipment, and pay than regular Army unitsthe ground forces are largely focused on internal security, particularly the threat from the terrorist group Boko Haram along its frontiers with Nigeria and Chad (Far North region) and an insurgency from armed Anglophone separatist groups in the North-West and South-West regions (as of 2023, this conflict had left more than 3,500 civilians dead and over 500,000 people displaced since fighting started in 2016); in addition, the FAC often deploys ground units to the border region with the Central African Republic to counter intrusions from armed militias and bandits; the Navys missions include protecting Cameroons oil installations, combatting crime and piracy in the Gulf of Guinea, and patrolling the countrys lakes and rivers; the Air Force supports both the ground and naval forces and has small numbers of light ground attack and reconnaissance aircraft, as well as attack, multipurpose, and transport helicopters (2023), the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2021, there were 34 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a significant decrease from the total number of 81 incidents in 2020, it included the one hijacking and three of five ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; in 2021, 57 crew members were kidnapped in seven separate incidents in the Gulf of Guinea, representing 100% of maritime kidnappings worldwide; Nigerian pirates in particular are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2022-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 4 January 2022, which states in part, "Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea", Boko Haram; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham West Africanote: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T, Joint Border Commission with Nigeria reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately ceded sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a full phase-out of Nigerian control and patriation of residents in 2008; Cameroon and Nigeria agreed on maritime delimitation in March 2008; sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty, which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries, refugees (country of origin): 347,593 (Central African Republic), 126,151 (Nigeria) (2023)IDPs: 1.01 million (2023) (includes far north, northwest, and southwest), tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List Cameroon does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; authorities prosecuted and convicted more alleged traffickers; the government extended the 2020-2021 national action plan for an additional two years and conducted trafficking awareness activities; however, the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to improve anti-trafficking capacity; officials investigated fewer trafficking cases and identified fewer victims, and did not investigate allegations of security forces involvement in sexual exploitation of women; officials prosecuted and convicted fewer traffickers; standard operating procedures for the identification and referral of trafficking victims were not widely disseminated; the government did not pass draft anti-trafficking legislation pending since 2012 to address victim and witness protection in conformity with international law; nonetheless, because the government devoted sufficient efforts to meet the minimum standards, Cameroon was granted a waiver per the TVPA from a downgrade to Tier 3, therefore Cameroon remained on Tier 2 Watch List for a third consecutive year (2022)trafficking profile: human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Cameroon, and traffickers exploit victims from Cameroon abroad; deteriorating economic and education conditions and diminished police and judicial presence caused by conflict in the Northwest and Southwest has left displaced persons vulnerable to trafficking; parents may be lured by promises of education or a better life for their children in urban areas, and then the children are subject to forced labor and sex trafficking; teenagers and adolescents may be lured to cities with promises of employment and then become victims of forced labor and sex trafficking; children from neighboring countries are forced to work in spare parts shops or cattle grazing by business owners and herders; Cameroonians, often from rural areas, are exploited in forced labor and sex trafficking in the Middle East, Europe, the United States, and African countries (2022), total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education), International law organization participation, https://www.cameroonembassyusa.org/mainFolder/index.html, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). 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